A meniscectomy is a surgical procedure commonly performed to address injuries in the knee’s meniscus. The meniscus acts as a cushion between the thighbone (femur) and shinbone (tibia), and it has a C-shaped structure. While damage to the meniscus often results from sports injuries, trauma, or degeneration over time, patients should understand when this procedure is recommended and how it works to make informed decisions about orthopedic care.
What Is the Meniscus?
The meniscus plays a crucial role in maintaining knee stability, facilitating joint movement, and preventing wear and tear on the knee’s bones. Each knee has two menisci: one on the inner side (medial meniscus) and one on the outer side (lateral meniscus). People often tear their meniscus due to sudden twisting movements, especially during activities such as running, squatting, or contact sports. Doctors perform medical evaluations, including physical examinations and imaging tests like MRIs, to confirm the diagnosis and determine the injury’s extent.
What Is a Meniscectomy?
A meniscectomy involves surgically removing a portion or the entirety of the damaged meniscus. Surgeons typically perform two types of meniscectomy:
- Partial meniscectomy: Surgeons remove only the torn or damaged portion of the meniscus while preserving as much healthy tissue as possible.
- Total meniscectomy: Surgeons remove the entire meniscus. This approach is less common because of the meniscus’s role in protecting the knee joint.
The procedure is generally done arthroscopically, using small instruments and a camera inserted into the knee through tiny incisions. This minimally invasive approach often allows for faster recovery and reduced post-operative discomfort.
When Is a Meniscectomy Needed?
Doctors may recommend a meniscectomy when conservative treatments, such as rest, physical therapy, and anti-inflammatory medications, fail to relieve symptoms. Common reasons for considering this procedure include:
- The tear is large, complex, or located in a part of the meniscus with limited blood supply, which may hinder natural healing.
- Persistent pain and swelling interfere with daily activities and reduce the quality of life.
- The knee experiences locking or clicking sensations caused by a loose piece of meniscal cartilage obstructing movement.
- Symptoms persist over an extended period despite non-surgical interventions.
What Is the Process for Recovery and Rehabilitation?
The recovery process after a meniscectomy depends on the extent of the surgery and individual factors such as age and overall health. After a partial meniscectomy, patients can resume light activities within a few weeks and progress to full strength and mobility with proper rehabilitation. Doctors often include physical therapy in the post-surgical care plan to restore knee function and prevent future injuries. Patients who undergo a total meniscectomy may experience a longer recovery period. These patients have a higher risk of developing osteoarthritis in the knee due to the loss of cartilage cushioning.
Healing After a Meniscectomy
Doctors frequently perform a meniscectomy to treat individuals with severe or prolonged symptoms from meniscal tears. This procedure provides an effective solution when non-surgical approaches do not offer adequate relief. Patients should consult a trained orthopedic specialist to assess the injury’s severity and explore treatment options to achieve optimal outcomes.
