Drinking contaminated water is a common issue in many parts of the world and is a significant health concern. Contaminated water can contain various harmful substances that threaten human health. Unfortunately, despite the efforts of government agencies and non-profit organizations to ensure safe drinking water, many communities still face water-borne illnesses.
This article aims to bring attention to the six hidden health risks associated with drinking contaminated water and its impact on one’s overall well-being. Furthermore, by educating people about the dangers of contaminated water, you may hope to encourage them to take action to ensure that they are drinking safe and clean water.
1. Cancer
One of the hidden health risks associated with drinking contaminated water is the increased risk of cancer. Certain contaminants, such as arsenic, lead, and benzene, have been linked to an increased risk of various forms of cancer, including lung, bladder, and skin cancer.
According to the estimation by the American Cancer Society, around 82,290 new cases of bladder cancer are expected to be reported in 2023. However, several other forms of cancer can be caused due to contaminants in water. In addition, long-term exposure to these toxins can cause cellular damage and genetic mutations, leading to the development of cancerous cells.
In addition, water contaminated with industrial pollutants and pesticides can also contain carcinogenic compounds that can increase the risk of cancer. These chemicals can seep into the water supply through leaks in underground storage tanks, runoff from agricultural fields, and discharges from manufacturing facilities.
Camp Lejeune is a popular example of chemicals polluting water and causing several cancers to the area’s inhabitants. The water at the U.S. Marine Corps Base in Camp Lejeune, North Carolina, was contaminated with toxic chemicals, including benzene, vinyl chloride, trichloroethylene, and tetrachloroethylene.
Exposure to these chemicals in water sources led to causing over eight types of cancers in the people living in the vicinity.
However, the Camp Lejeune lawsuit came in to provide some relief and compensation to the victims of the water contamination there. The lawsuit was filed against the United States government, alleging that the military was aware of the contamination but failed to take action to protect the health of the Marines, their families, and other civilians who lived or worked at the base.
This legal action highlights the need for proper regulations and enforcement to ensure all individuals have access to safe and clean drinking water.
2. Arsenic Poisoning
Another hidden health risk associated with drinking contaminated water is arsenic poisoning. Arsenic is a naturally occurring element that can leach into the water supply from geological sources, such as arsenic-rich soil or rocks. In addition, arsenic can also enter the water supply through industrial discharge or agricultural runoff.
Arsenic is a toxic substance that can cause serious health problems if consumed in high doses over a long period. Chronic exposure to arsenic in drinking water can increase the risk of various health problems, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, skin lesions, and cancers of the bladder, lungs, and skin.
According to the WHO, about 140 million people in around 70 countries drink water with an arsenic level above WHO guidelines, which is 10 μg/L. Long-term exposure to arsenic poisoning can lead to nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, and neurological problems such as confusion, drowsiness, and tremors. In severe cases, arsenic poisoning can lead to organ failure and death.
3. Anemia
Anemia is a state where the body lacks a sufficient number of red blood cells, which are essential for delivering oxygen to the body’s tissues. It can lead to symptoms such as fatigue, weakness, and shortness of breath.
Contaminated water can contain high levels of lead, which has been linked to anemia. Lead can disrupt the body’s production of hemoglobin, a protein found in red blood cells that is crucial for oxygen transport. Prolonged exposure to lead in drinking water can accumulate in the body, causing anemia and various health issues.
In addition, contaminated water can also contain bacteria and parasites that can cause gastrointestinal problems and lead to anemia. These pathogens can cause inflammation and damage the intestinal lining, leading to decreased iron absorption and other nutrients necessary to produce red blood cells.
4. Cholera
It is an acute diarrheal illness caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholera. According to the CDC, cholera is a common disease affecting about 1.3 to 4 million people yearly. It is spread through contaminated water or food and can lead to severe dehydration and death if not treated promptly. Contaminated water can be a source of cholera when it is contaminated with feces from infected individuals.
Symptoms of cholera can include sudden onset of watery diarrhea, vomiting, muscle cramps, and rapid dehydration. In severe cases, cholera can lead to dehydration, electrolyte imbalances, and shock.
5. Hepatitis A and E
Both hepatitis A and E are viral infections that affect the liver and can cause symptoms such as fever, fatigue, abdominal pain, and jaundice. In areas with poor sanitation and hygiene practices, contaminated water can quickly spread the virus to large populations.
Hepatitis A is usually transmitted by eating or drinking contaminated food or water, whereas hepatitis E is primarily spread through drinking contaminated water. In both cases, proper drinking water treatment and promoting good hygiene practices can help reduce the virus’s spread and lower the risk of infection.
6. Diarrhea
Diarrhea is a digestive disorder characterized by frequent, loose, and watery stools. Various factors, including bacteria, viruses, parasites, and toxins in contaminated water, can cause it.
Harmful pathogens, such as Escherichia coli (E. coli), Salmonella, and Shigella, can cause diarrhea and other gastrointestinal problems.
In addition to bacterial and viral infections, contaminated water can contain chemicals and toxins that can cause diarrhea. For example, exposure to high levels of lead or other toxic substances can cause damage to the digestive system and lead to diarrhea.
Proactive Measures Protect Against the Risks
Drinking contaminated water can pose significant hidden health risks, including cancer, arsenic poisoning, anemia, cholera, hepatitis A and E, and diarrhea. These illnesses can have critical and sometimes life-threatening consequences for those exposed to contaminated water.
Access to clean, safe drinking water is a basic human right. Governments, organizations, and individuals must work together to address the issue of contaminated water and ensure everyone can access clean, safe water. By highlighting the hidden health risks of contaminated water, you can increase awareness and take the necessary steps to protect the health of all individuals.
It is essential to take proactive measures to protect against these risks. It includes ensuring that drinking water is treated and disinfected properly, promoting good sanitation and hygiene practices in communities, and being aware of the potential dangers of contaminated water. By taking these steps, people can reduce their risk of exposure to contaminated water and protect their health.
